What is motion?
The change in position of a body with time relative to a reference point.
What is kinematics?
The study of motion without considering the forces that cause it.
List four types of motion.
Translational, rotational, random, and oscillatory motion.
What is translational motion?
Motion from one point to another without rotation, like a car on a highway.
Give an example of random motion.
The movement of gas molecules in the air.
What is speed?
The rate of change of distance with
time.
\( \text{Speed} =
\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} \)
Define velocity.
Rate of change of displacement with
time, considering direction.
\( v =
\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} \)
What is acceleration?
Rate of change of velocity with
time.
\( a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}
\)
State the first equation of motion.
\( v = u + at \)
State the second equation of motion.
\( s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2 \)
State the third equation of motion.
\( v^2 = u^2 + 2as \)
What does 'u' represent in the equations of motion?
The initial velocity of the object.
What does 's' represent in motion equations?
Displacement or distance covered.
State one motion equation for a body thrown upward.
\( v = u - gt \)
State one motion equation for a body in free fall.
\( h = ut + \frac{1}{2}gt^2 \)
What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph show?
The object is at rest; no change in distance with time.
What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration.
What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?
Distance traveled.
What is relative motion?
Motion of an object as observed from another moving object.
What is the relative velocity of two objects moving in the same direction?
The difference in their velocities.
\( v_{\text{relative}} = v_A - v_B
\)
What is circular motion?
Motion of an object along a circular path at constant speed but continuously changing direction.
What is angular velocity?
The rate of change of angular
displacement.
\( \omega = \frac{\theta}{t}
\)
What is the relationship between linear and angular velocity?
\( v = r\omega \), where \( v \) is linear velocity, \( r \) is radius, and \( \omega \) is angular velocity.
What is centripetal force?
A force directed toward the center of a circular path that keeps an object in circular motion.
Give the formula for centripetal force.
\( F = \frac{mv^2}{r} \), where \( m \) is mass, \( v \) is velocity, and \( r \) is radius of the circle.
What is centrifugal force?
A fictitious force that appears to act outward on a mass when viewed from a rotating frame of reference.
State the formula for period of circular motion.
\( T = \frac{2\pi r}{v} \), where \( T \) is period, \( r \) is radius, and \( v \) is linear speed.
State the formula for angular velocity in terms of period.
\( \omega = \frac{2\pi}{T} \)
What is uniform circular motion?
Motion along a circular path at constant speed but with continuously changing direction.
Why is an object in circular motion considered to be accelerating?
Because its direction of motion (and hence velocity) is constantly changing, even if its speed remains constant.
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